|
|
|
Laboratory Test Values |
|
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
|
7-18 mg/dL
|
Increased in renal disease and dehydration; decreased in liver damage and malnutrition
|
Carbon dioxide (CO2) (includes bicarbonate)
|
23-30 mmol/L
|
Useful to evaluate acid-base balance by measuring total carbon dioxide in the blood: Elevated in vomiting and pulmonary disease; decreased in diabetic acidosis, acute renal failure, and hyperventilation
|
Chloride (Cl)
|
98-106 mEq/L
|
Increased in dehydration, hyperventilation, and congestive heart failure; decreased in vomiting,diarrhea, and fever
|
Creatinine
|
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
|
Produced at a constant rate and excreted by the kidney; increased in kidney disease
|
Glucose
|
Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL Random: 85-125 mg/dL
|
Increased in diabetes and severe illness; decreased in insulin overdose or hypoglycemia
|
Potassium (K)
|
3.5-5 mEq/L
|
Increased in renal failure, extensive cell damage, and acidosis; decreased in vomiting, diarrhea, and excess administration of diuretics or IV fluids
|
Sodium (Na)
|
101-111 mEq/L or 135-148 mEq/L (depending on test)
|
Increased in dehydration and diabetes insipidus; decreased in overload of IV fluids, burns,diarrhea, or vomiting
|
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
|
10-40 U/L
|
Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of liver disease and to monitor the effects of drugs on the liver; increased in myocardial infarction
|
Albumin
|
3.8-5.0 g/dL
|
Albumin holds water in blood; decreased in liver disease and kidney disease
|
Albumin-globulin ratio (A/G ratio)
|
Greater than 1
|
Low A/G ratio signifies a tendency for edema because globulin is less effective than albumin at holding water in the blood
|
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
|
20-70 U/L (varies by method)
|
Enzyme of bone metabolism; increased in liver disease and metastatic bone disease
|
Amylase
|
21-160 U/L
|
Used to diagnose and monitor treatment of acute pancreatitis and to detect inflammation of the salivary glands
|
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
|
0-41 U/L (varies)
|
Enzyme present in tissues with high metabolic activity; increased in myocardial infarction and liver disease
|
Bilirubin, total
|
0.2-1.0 mg/dL
|
Breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells; increased when excessive red blood cells are being destroyed or in liver disease
|
Calcium (Ca)
|
8.8-10.0 mg/dL
|
Increased in excess parathyroid hormone production and in cancer; decreased in alkalosis, elevated phosphate in renal failure, and excess IV fluids
|
Cholesterol
|
120-220 mg/dL desirable range
|
Screening test used to evaluate risk of heart disease; levels of 200 mg/dL or above indicate increased risk of heart disease and warrant further investigation
|
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK or CK)
|
Men: 38-174 U/L Women: 96-140 U/L
|
Elevated enzyme level indicates myocardial infarction or damage to skeletal muscle. When elevated,specific fractions (isoenzymes) are tested for
|
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
|
Men: 6-26 U/L Women: 4-18 U/L
|
Used to diagnose liver disease and to test for chronic alcoholism
|
Globulins
|
2.3-3.5 g/dL
|
Proteins active in immunity; help albumin keep water in blood
|
Iron, serum (Fe)
|
Men: 75-175 g/dL Women:65-165 /dL
|
Decreased in iron deficiency and anemia; increased in hemolytic conditions
|
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
|
Men: 30-70 mg/dL Women:30-85 mg/dL
|
Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease
|
Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH or LD)
|
95-200 U/L (Normal ranges vary greatly)
|
Enzyme released in many kinds of tissue damage, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, and liver disease
|
Lipase
|
4-24 U/L (varies with test)
|
Enzyme used to diagnose pancreatitis
|
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
|
80-140 mg/dL
|
Used to evaluate the risk of heart disease
|
Magnesium (Mg)
|
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
|
Vital in neuromuscular function; decreased levels may occur in malnutrition, alcoholism, pancreatitis, diarrhea
|
Phosphorus ((Page*)) (inorganic)
|
2.7-4.5 mg/dL
|
Evaluated in response to calcium; main store is in bone: elevated in kidney disease; decreased in excess parathyroid hormone
|
Protein, total
|
6-8 g/dL
|
Increased in dehydration, multiple myeloma;decreased in kidney disease, liver disease, poor nutrition, severe burns, excessive bleeding
|
Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT)
|
>
|
See Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
|
Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)
|
>
|
See Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
|
Thyroxin (T4)
|
5-12.5 g/dL (varies)
|
Screening test of thyroid function; increased in hyperthyroidism; decreased in myxedema and hypothyroidism
|
Thyroid-stimulatinghormone TSH)
|
0.5-6 mlU/L
|
Produced by pituitary to promote thyroid gland function; elevated when thyroid gland is not functioning
|
Triiodothyronine (T3)
|
120-195 mg/dL
|
Elevated in specific types of hyperthyroidism
|
Triglycerides
|
Men: 40-160 mg/dL Women: 35-135 mg/dL
|
An indication of ability to metabolize fats; increased triglycerides and cholesterol indicate high risk of atherosclerosis
|
Uric acid
|
Men: 3.5-7.2 mg/dL Women:2.6-6.0 mg/dL
|
Produced by breakdown of ingested purines in food and nucleic acids; elevated in kidney disease, gout, and leukemia
|
|
|
|
|
[Top]
Normal Laboratory Values (Haematology Reference Values) |
|
In the following tables, normal haematology reference values for commonly requested laboratory tests are listed in |
traditional units and in SI units. The tables are a guideline only. Values are method dependent and normal lab values may |
vary between laboratories. |
|
Ammonia (NH3) - diffusion
|
20-120 mcg/dl
|
12-70 mcmol/L
|
Ammonia Nitrogen
|
15-45 µg/dl
|
11-32 µmol/L
|
Amylase
|
35-118 IU/L
|
0.58-1.97 mckat/L
|
Anion gap (Na+-[Cl- + HCO3- ]) (P)
|
7-16 mEq/L
|
7-16 mmol/L
|
Antithrombin III (AT III)
|
80–120 U/dl
|
800–1200 U/L
|
Arterial
|
21–28 mEq/L
|
21–28 mmol/L
|
Venous
|
22–29 mEq/L
|
22–29 mmol/L
|
Conjugated (direct) Total
|
<=0.2 mg/dl & 0.1–1 mg/dl
|
<=4 mcmol/L &
|
Calcitonin
|
< 100 pg/ml
|
< 100 ng/L
|
Total
|
8.6–10.3 mg/dl
|
2.2–2.74 mmol/L
|
Ionized
|
4.4–5.1 mg/dl
|
1–1.3 mmol/L
|
Carbon dioxide content (plasma)
|
21–32 mmol/L
|
21–32 mmol/L
|
Carcinoembryonic antigen
|
< 3 ng/ml
|
< 3 mcg/L
|
Chloride
|
95–110 mEq/L
|
95–110 mmol/L
|
Bleeding time
|
3–9.5 min
|
180–570 sec
|
Prothrombin time
|
10–13 sec
|
10–13 sec
|
Partial thromboplastin time (activated)
|
22–37 sec
|
22–37 sec
|
Protein C
|
0.7–1.4 µ/ml
|
700–1400 U/ml
|
Protein S
|
0.7–1.4 µ/ml
|
700–1400 U/ml
|
Copper, total
|
70–160 mcg/dl
|
11–25 mcmol/L
|
Corticotropin (ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone) - 0800 hr
|
< 60 pg/ml
|
< 13.2 pmol/L
|
0800 hr
|
5–30 mcg/dl
|
138–810 nmol/L
|
1800 hr
|
2–15 mcg/dl
|
50–410 nmol/L
|
2000 hr
|
<=50% of 0800 hr
|
<=50% of 0800 hr
|
Female
|
20–170 IU/L
|
0.33–2.83 mckat/L
|
Male
|
30–220 IU/L
|
0.5–3.67 mckat/L
|
Creatinine kinase isoenzymes, MB fraction
|
0–12 IU/L
|
0–0.2 mckat/L
|
Creatinine
|
0.5–1.7 mg/dl
|
44–150 mcmol/L
|
Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I)
|
150–360 mg/dl
|
1.5–3.6 g/L
|
Female
|
2–13 mlU/ml
|
2–13 IU/L
|
Midcycle
|
5–22 mlU/ml
|
5–22 IU/L
|
Male
|
1–8 mlU/ml
|
1–8 IU/L
|
Glucose, fasting
|
65–115 mg/dl
|
3.6–6.3 mmol/L
|
Male
|
9–50 units/L
|
9–50 units/L
|
Female
|
8–40 units/L
|
8–40 units/L
|
Haptoglobin
|
44–303 mg/dl
|
0.44–3.03 g/L
|
Fibrinogen
|
200–400 mg/dl
|
2–4 g/L
|
female
|
36%-44.6%
|
0.36–0.446 fraction of 1
|
male
|
40.7%-50.3%
|
0.4–0.503 fraction of 1
|
Hemoglobin A 1C
|
5.3%-7.5% of total Hgb
|
0.053–0.075
|
female
|
12.1–15.3 g/dl
|
121–153 g/L
|
male
|
13.8–17.5 g/dl
|
138–175 g/L
|
Leukocyte count (WBC)
|
3800–9800/mcl
|
3.8–9.8 x 109/L
|
female
|
3.5–5 x 106/mcl
|
3.5–5 x 1012/L
|
male
|
4.3–5.9 x 106/mcl
|
4.3–5.9 x 1012/L
|
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
|
80–97.6 mcm3
|
80–97.6 fl
|
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
|
27–33 pg/cell
|
1.66–2.09 fmol/cell
|
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrate (MCHC)
|
33–36 g/dl
|
20.3–22 mmol/L
|
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sedrate, ESR)
|
<=30 mm/hr
|
<=30 mm/hr
|
Glucose-6 - Pphosphate dehydrognase (G-6-PD)
|
250–5000 units/106 cells
|
250–5000 mcunits/cell
|
Ferritin
|
10–383 ng/ml
|
23–862 p mol/L
|
Folic acid
|
>3.1–12.4 ng/ml
|
7–28.1 n mol/L
|
normal Platelet count
|
150–450 x 103/mcl
|
150–450 x 109/L
|
Reticulocytes
|
0.5%-1.5% of erythrocytes
|
0.005–0.015
|
Vitamin B12
|
223–1132 pg/ml
|
165–835 pmol/L
|
Female
|
30–160 mcg/dl
|
5.4–31.3 mcmol/L
|
Male
|
45–160 mcg/dl
|
8.1–31.3 mcmol/L
|
Iron binding capacity
|
220–420 mcg/dl
|
39.4–75.2 mcmol/L
|
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
|
1.2–7 units/L
|
1.2–7 units/L
|
Fraction 1
|
14%-26% of total
|
0.14–0.26 fraction of total
|
Fraction 2
|
29%-39% of total
|
0.29–0.39 fraction of total
|
Fraction 3
|
20%-26% of total
|
0.20–0.26 fraction of total
|
Fraction 4
|
8%-16% of total
|
0.08–0.16 fraction of total
|
Fraction 5
|
6%-16% of total
|
0.06–0.16 fraction of total
|
Lactate dehydrogenase
|
100–250 IU/L
|
1.67–4.17 mckat/L
|
Lactic acid (lactate)
|
6–19 mg/dl
|
0.7–2.1 mmol/L
|
Lead
|
<=50 mcg/dl
|
<=2.41 mcmol/L
|
Lipase
|
10–150 units/L
|
10–150 units/L
|
High
|
> 239 mg/dl
|
> 6.2 mmol/L
|
LDL
|
< 130 mg/dl
|
< 3.36 mmol/L
|
Desirable
|
130–159 mg/dl
|
3.36–4.11 mmol/L
|
High
|
> 159 mg/dl
|
> 4.11 mmol/L
|
HDL (low)
|
< 35 mg/dl
|
< 0.91 mmol/L
|
Triglycerides
|
< 200 mg/dl
|
< 2.26 mmol/L
|
Desirable
|
200–400 mg/dl
|
2.26–4.52 mmol/L
|
High
|
400–1000 mg/dl
|
4.52–11.3 mmol/L
|
Very high
|
> 1000 mg/dl
|
> 11.3 mmol/L
|
Magnesium
|
1.3–2.2 mEq/L
|
0.65–1.1 mmol/L
|
Osmolality
|
280–300 mOsm/kg
|
280–300 mmol/kg
|
Oxygen saturation (arterial)
|
94%-100%
|
0.94 - fraction of 1
|
PCO2, arterial
|
35–45 mm Hg
|
4.7–6 kPa
|
pH, arterial
|
7.35–7.45
|
7.35–7.45
|
PO, arterial: Breathing room air On 100% O
|
80–105 mm Hg > 500 mm Hg
|
10.6–14 kPa
|
Phosphatase (acid), total at 37°C
|
0.13–0.63 IU/L
|
2.2–10.5 IU/L or 2.2–10.5 mckat/L
|
Phosphatase alkaline
|
20–130 IU/L
|
20–130 IU/L or 0.33–2.17 mckat/L
|
Phosphorus, inorganic, (phosphate)
|
2.5–5 mg/dl
|
0.8–1.6 mmol/L
|
Potassium
|
3.5–5 mEq/L
|
3.5–5 mmol/L
|
Follicular phase
|
0.1–1.5 ng/ml
|
0.32–4.8 nmol/L
|
Luteal phase
|
0.1–1.5 ng/ml
|
0.32–4.8 nmol/L
|
Follicular phase
|
2.5–28 ng/ml
|
8–89 nmol/L
|
Luteal phase
|
< 0.5 ng/ml
|
< 1.6 nmol/L
|
Prolactin
|
1.4–24.2 ng/ml
|
1.4–24.2 mcg/L
|
Prostate specific antigen
|
0–4 ng/ml
|
0–4 ng/ml
|
Protein Total
|
6–8 g/dl
|
60–80 g/L
|
Albumin
|
3.6–5 g/dl
|
36–50 g/L
|
Globulin
|
2.3–3.5 g/dl
|
23–35 g/L
|
Rheumatoid factor
|
< 60 IU/ml
|
< 60 kIU/L
|
Sodium
|
135–147 mEq/L
|
135–147 mmol/L
|
Female
|
6–86 ng/dl
|
0.21–3 nmol/L
|
Male
|
270–1070 ng/dl
|
9.3–37 nmol/L
|
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
|
0.35–6.2 mcU/ml
|
0.35–6.2 mU/L
|
Thyroxine-binding globulin capacity
|
10–26 mcg/dl
|
100–260 mcg/L
|
Total triiodothyronine (T3)
|
75–220 ng/dl
|
1.2–3.4 nmol/L
|
Total thyroxine by RIA (T4)
|
4–11 mcg/dl
|
51–142 nmol/L
|
T3 resin uptake
|
25%-38%
|
0.25–0.38 fraction of 1
|
Transaminase, AST (aspartate aminotransferase, SGOT)
|
11–47 IU/L
|
0.18–0.78 mckat/L
|
Transaminase, ALT (alanine aminotransferase, SGPT)
|
7–53 IU/L
|
0.12–0.88 mckat/L
|
Transferrin
|
220–400 mg/dL
|
2.20–4.00 g/L
|
Urea nitrogen (BUN)
|
8–25 mg/dl
|
2.9–8.9 mmol/L
|
Uric acid
|
3–8 mg/dl
|
179–476 mcmol/L
|
Vitamin A (retinol)
|
15–60 mcg/dl
|
0.52–2.09 mcmol/L
|
Zinc
|
50–150 mcg/dl
|
7.7–23 mcmol/L
|
|